![]() ![]() ![]() Initially, the Tokugawa regarded them as potentially rebellious, but for most of the Edo period, marriages between the Tokugawa and the tozama, as well as control policies such as sankin-kōtai, resulted in peaceful relations. Other famous tozama clans included the Mori of Chōshū, the Shimazu of Satsuma, the Date of Sendai, the Uesugi of Yonezawa, and the Hachisuka of Awa. the Kaga han of Ishikawa Prefecture, headed by the Maeda clan, assessed at 1,000,000 koku. Tozama daimyo held mostly large fiefs far away from the capital, with e.g. The fact that fudai daimyo could hold government positions, while tozama in general could not, was a main difference between the two. Also, many fudai daimyo took positions in the Edo shogunate, some rising to the position of rōjū. The shogunate placed many fudai at strategic locations to guard the trade routes and the approaches to Edo. Ī few fudai daimyo, such as the Ii of Hikone, held large han, but many were small. Several shinpan, including the Tokugawa of Owari ( Nagoya), Kii ( Wakayama), and Mito, as well as the Matsudaira of Fukui and Aizu, held large han. The shinpan were collaterals of Ieyasu, such as the Matsudaira, or descendants of Ieyasu other than in the main line of succession. Ieyasu also categorized the daimyo according to their relation to the ruling Tokugawa family: the shinpan were related to the Tokugawa the fudai had been vassals of the Tokugawa or allies in battle and the tozama had not allied with the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara (did not necessarily fight against the Tokugawa). Those heading han assessed at 10,000 koku (50,000 bushels) or more were considered daimyo. Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu reorganized roughly 200 daimyo and their territories into han, which were assessed by rice production. The Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 marked the beginning of the Edo period. Kamei Koremi, a daimyō during the bakumatsu period. Those who had failed to exert control over their deputies fell from power and were replaced by a new class, the sengoku-daimyo, who arose from the ranks of the shugodai and jizamurai. At the end of the fifteenth century, those shugo-daimyo who succeeded remained in power. The deputies of the shugo-daimyo, living in the provinces, seized the opportunity to strengthen their position. During this and other wars of the time, kuni ikki, or provincial uprisings, took place as locally powerful warriors sought independence from the shugo-daimyo. The Ōnin War was a major uprising in which shugo-daimyo fought each other. Eventually, some of these in turn came to reside in Kyoto, appointing deputies in the provinces. The Ashikaga shogunate required the shugo-daimyo to reside in Kyoto, so they appointed relatives or retainers, called shugodai, to represent them in their home provinces. ![]() Major shugo-daimyo came from the Shiba, Hatakeyama, and Hosokawa clans, as well as the tozama clans of Yamana, Ōuchi, Takeda and Akamatsu. They accumulated these powers throughout the first decades of the Muromachi period. The shugo-daimyo held not only military and police powers, but also economic power within a province. They arose from among the shugo during the Muromachi period (approximately 1336 – 1573). The shugo daimyo ( 守護大名) were the first group of men to hold the title daimyo. Shiba Yoshimasa of Shiba clan, one of the Shugo-daimyo. The daimyo era ended soon after the Meiji Restoration with the adoption of the prefecture system in 1871. The backgrounds of daimyo also varied considerably while some daimyo clans, notably the Mōri, Shimazu and Hosokawa, were cadet branches of the Imperial family or were descended from the kuge, other daimyo were promoted from the ranks of the samurai, notably during the Edo period.ĭaimyo often hired samurai to guard their land, and they paid the samurai in land or food as relatively few could afford to pay samurai in money. įrom the shugo of the Muromachi period through the Sengoku to the daimyo of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history. In the term, dai ( 大) means 'large', and myō stands for myōden ( 名田), meaning 'private land'. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the emperor and the kuge. A map of the territories of the Sengoku daimyos around the first year of the Genki era (1570 AD).ĭaimyo ( 大名, daimyō, Japanese pronunciation: ( listen)) were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. ![]()
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